Why This Matters (কেন গুরুত্বপূর্ণ)
A surprising number of Grammar and Vocabulary deductions in PTE Write Essay and Summarize Written Text come not from unknown words, but from two similar-looking words being swapped — "affect" for "effect," "economic" for "economical," "principal" for "principle." Because these pairs sound or look almost identical, spell-checkers rarely catch them, and PTE's automated scoring engine treats the wrong word exactly as it would any other error.
PTE Write Essay ও Summarize Written Text-এ অনেক ভুল আসে অজানা শব্দ থেকে নয়, বরং দুটি প্রায় একইরকম শব্দ বদলে ফেলা থেকে — "affect" আর "effect", "economic" আর "economical"। এগুলো প্রায় একইরকম দেখতে/শুনতে হওয়ায় spell-checker ধরতে পারে না।
Academic Word Pairs (একাডেমিক শব্দজোড়া)
affect vs effect
affect (verb) = to influence something. effect (noun) = the result of an influence. affect = ক্রিয়া (প্রভাবিত করা), effect = বিশেষ্য (প্রভাব/ফলাফল)।
"Rising temperatures affect crop yields, and this effect is most severe in coastal regions."
economic vs economical
economic = relating to the economy. economical = cost-efficient, not wasteful. economic = অর্থনীতি সম্পর্কিত, economical = সাশ্রয়ী।
"The government introduced new economic policies to encourage economical use of energy."
principal vs principle
principal = most important, or the head of a school. principle = a fundamental rule or belief. principal = প্রধান, principle = মূলনীতি।
"The principal reason for the policy change rests on a simple principle: fairness."
complement vs compliment
complement = to complete or go well with something. compliment = a polite expression of praise. complement = পরিপূরক, compliment = প্রশংসা।
"Solar and wind power complement each other well in a national energy grid."
imply vs infer
imply = to suggest something indirectly (the writer/speaker does this). infer = to conclude something from evidence (the reader/listener does this). imply = ইঙ্গিত দেওয়া, infer = অনুমান করা।
"The report does not explicitly state a cause, but readers can reasonably infer one from the data presented."
precede vs proceed
precede = to come before something in time or order. proceed = to continue or go forward with an action. precede = পূর্বে ঘটা, proceed = এগিয়ে যাওয়া।
"A brief safety briefing will precede the experiment before researchers proceed with the trial."
Everyday Word Pairs (দৈনন্দিন শব্দজোড়া)
its vs it's
its = possessive (belonging to it). it's = contraction of "it is" or "it has." its = অধিকারবাচক, it's = "it is"-এর সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ।
"The company announced its new policy; it's expected to take effect next month."
fewer vs less
fewer = used with countable nouns (fewer students, fewer cars). less = used with uncountable nouns (less time, less water). fewer = গণনাযোগ্য বিশেষ্যের সাথে, less = অগণনীয়ের সাথে।
"Fewer students enrolled this year, meaning the department has less funding available."
lose vs loose
lose (verb) = to no longer have something. loose (adjective) = not tight, not fixed firmly. lose = হারানো, loose = আলগা।
"A loose bolt caused the machine to lose power intermittently."
advice vs advise
advice (noun) = a recommendation or suggestion. advise (verb) = to give a recommendation. advice = বিশেষ্য, advise = ক্রিয়া।
"The advisor's advice was clear: she advised students to apply early."
Your Turn (অনুশীলন করুন)
Choose the correct word, then reveal the answer.
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affect — verb form needed here.
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economical — refers to cost-efficiency, not the economy generally.
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fewer — "number of applicants" is countable.
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principal — meaning "main" or "most important" here.